Carl Friedrich Abel (1723-1787)
Six Sonates pour viole de gambe et basse continue, WKO 141-146
Pièce pour viole de gambe issue du Manuscrit Pembroke

Marco Casonato, viole de gambe
Massimo Marchese, théorbe

Carl Friedrich Abel, né à Köthen en 1723 et mort à Londres en 1787, est considéré comme le dernier virtuose de la viole. Violiste à l'orchestre de Dresde jusqu'en 1758, il s'établit ensuite à Londres où il entreprend une série de concerts avec Johann christian Bach fort bien accueillis par le public londonien. Outre ses nombreuses œuvres pour viole, seule ou accompagnée, il compose une série de symphonies, de concertos pour divers instruments. Les six Sonates pour viole de gambe ont été composées à Londres en 1771. Elles sont d'un abord relativement facile car destinées aux nombreux élèves d'Abel dont Lady Elizabeth Herbert, contesse de Pembroke qui en conserva le manuscrit. Plutôt axées sur la mélodie, elles ne contiennent aucun passage virtuose à la manière d'un Forqueray ou d'un Graun et peuvent être accompagnées d'un violoncelle ou d'un clavecin. Le choix ici du théorbe accentue le caractère intime de ces pages. Trois mouvements, aux habituels Allegro, Moderato ou Vivace d'entrée, succèdent un mouvement lent que l'interprète se permet d'ornementer (quitte à improviser comme le faisaient Abel et son collègue Andreas Lidl), suivi d'un bref menuet final. On aurait d'ailleurs aimé un peu plus d'engagement et d'éloquence de la part du violiste Marco Casonato et de son complice théorbiste Massimo Marchese, cantonné ici à un accompagnement servile. (Jérôme Angouillant)

Carl Friedrich Abel capitalised on a musical pedigree with strong links to the Bach family. Abel’s father, Christian Friedrich, had been the chamber cello and viol player in Co¨then where J.S. Bach was appointed Capellmeister, and the two developed a close professional and personal relationship. When Abel Sr died in 1737, Carl Friedrich was sent to live with the Bach family, who had by then moved to Leipzig. There, he had direct access to the grand master of invention and composition, and from him he learned the skills he would use to dazzle audiences in a career of improvised performances on the viola da gamba and harpsichord. From 1763 Abel shared a house in London with Johann Christian Bach (whom he had known in Leipzig as a young man) and together they ran the Wednesday Evening Concerts at Carlisle House in Soho Square, the forerunner to the more celebrated Bach–Abel Concerts in Hanover Square. Abel’s Six Sonatas (WK 141–146) and the four solos recorded here date from the 1770s, when this pioneering concert subscription series was at its peak. Relatively straightforward pieces, the Sonatas were written to attract enthusiastic amateurs of relatively modest ability on the instrument. While his aim may have been to entertain, Abel invested all his considerable melodic talents into these compositions. Taking inspiration from reports of Abel improvising and decorating in performance, the artists have elected to repeat the slow movements in ornamented versions. The continuo element of the sonatas is also open to interpretation; the artists’ choice of theorbo was prompted by the historical idea that the instrument was still in fashion in late-18th-century London, even if unusual, and that aesthetically it is particularly suited to the intimate dimension of this music. Of the four solos, three come from the ‘Drexel Manuscript’ of 27 varied solo viol pieces. They are much more demanding than the sonatas, containing wide leaps, lively bowings, intricate fingerings and chords and double-stops. The last solo piece, drawn from the Pembroke Manuscript held in the British Library, is an arrangement of Sarastro’s aria ‘In diesen heil‘gen Hallen’ from Mozart‘s Die Zauberflo¨te. The arrangement asserts Abel’s poignant connection with Mozart: the young Amadeus copied and studied Abel’s symphonies during his brief stay in London as a child.